Biology - Bacteria
Introduction
- Bacteria normally comprises a large number of prokaryotic microorganisms.
- Bacteria most probably were among the first life that formed to appear on the Earth.
- Bacteria belong to Monera kingdom.
- Bacteria usually inhabit in all range of environments, such as soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep portions of Earth's crust.
- The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology.
- Bacteria play an important role in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients including the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere.
- Bacteria grow to a fixed size and after maturity reproduce through asexual reproduction i.e. basically binary fission.
- Under favorable conditions, bacteria can grow and divide very swiftly, and the bacterial populations can double merely in every 9.8 minutes.
- When viruses that infect bacteria is known as Bacteriophages.
- In order to modify themselves (to survive in the adverse environment), Bacteria frequently secrete chemicals into their environment.
Advantages of Bacteria
- Bacteria are advantageous in many ways, such as −
- Bacteria help in atmospheric nitrogen fixation.
- Bacteria decompose dead plants and animals and clean the environment.
- Bacteria are the major element that convert milk into curd and wine into vinegar.
- Some specific types of bacteria are used in making proteins.
- Some types of bacteria are also used as pesticides.
Disadvantages of Bacteria
- Bacteria cause many diseases and infection to living organisms.
Bacterial Diseases
- Bacteria cause many diseases, significant of them are −
- Anthrax - caused by Bacillus anthracis
- Brucellosis - caused by Brucella abortus
- Botulism - caused by Clostridium botulinum
- Coliform diseases - caused by Escherichia coli
- Leprosy - caused by Mycobacterium leprae
- Plague - caused by Yersinia pestis
- Typhoid fever - caused by Salmonella typhi
- Trachoma - caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
- Diphtheria - caused by Corynebacterium diphtheria
- Tetanus - caused by Clostridium tetani
- Tuberculosis - caused by Mycobacterium bovis
- Cholera - caused by Vibrio cholera
- Syphilis - caused by Treponema pallidum
- Whooping cough - caused by Bordetella pertussis
- Gonrhoea - caused by Gonococcus
- Potato wilt - caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum
- Blight of rice - caused by Xanthomonas orzae
- Fire blight of apple - caused by Invenia
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